Bacterial Vaginosis - A Problem Of Balance

Bacterial Vaginosis is one of the most common and least understood diagnoses that women coming into Parkmed Physicians are presented with. Is it a sexually transmitted disease / infection? How did I get BV? What can be done? What does it mean for my health? Since many women, especially young women, have never even heard of BV these are all important issues to address.

What is Bacterial Vaginosis?

BV is an imbalance of the naturally occurring bacteria which every woman has in her vagina. Usually we have more good bacteria and a limited number of bad bacteria as a normal part of our systems. When the problem bacteria start to take over BV is the result. This imbalance can be caused by many things. Yes, sex can cause this imbalance, however it is not the only culprit. Even women who are not sexually active can contract this problem. Douching seems like it would be a way to remain fresh and clean, however this practice has a tendency to cause imbalances that lead to BV. Although not everything is known about BV medical experts, including the Center for Disease Control, state that you are not able to contract BV from toilet seats or swimming.

How do I know I have BV?

Many women dont know they have BV because it can occur without any symptoms. Having a regular GYN exam including a vaginal swab normally done at the time of the PAP Smear screening is one way to find out. However there are outward symptoms women may have which signal that you may want treatment. Some women with BV will have a white or gray vaginal discharge. This can often be mistaken for a yeast infection which is why it is important to see your GYN if over the counter yeast medications do not help. Also women with BV may find that they have an unpleasant fishy odor after intercourse. Some women also report irritation when urinating and itching around the vulva however this is less common.

What are the effects of BV?

The major problem with Bacterial Vaginosis, besides the possible symptoms experienced, is that it makes women more susceptible to other sexually transmitted infections. According to the CDC women who have BV are more likely to contract HIV, Herpes (HSV), Gonorrhea and Chlamydia if exposed. They are also prone to more post operative infections after surgery such as hysterectomy or abortion. BV can also cause complications for pregnancy including a higher risk of lower birth weight and early labor. Untreated BV can escalate infecting the uterus and fallopian tubes causing Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. This condition can lead to infertility and permanent damage to the reproductive system.

What are the Treatments?

Women should see their OBGYN for treatment. Your doctor will proscribe antibiotics such as Metronidazole or Clindamycin to knock out the harmful bacteria and restore balance. The best ways to prevent BV are abstaining or limiting sexual partners since multipal sex partners seems to be linked to developing Bacterial Vaginosis. Also avoid douching which causes bacterial imbalances. It is also important to take all medicines prescribed for BV even if the symptoms subside otherwise the treatment will be incomplete and BV may return.

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